On the geodynamics of the Andes orogen

Abstract

The Precambrian-Palaeozoic basement of the Andes consists of material from the continental crust. This basement experienced multiple and intensive orogenies and metamorphoses. The Andine tectal orogen, however, has only been slightly deformed by compression since Triassic time. The high mountain range seen at present originates from massive block-faulting since Tertiary time. Deep canyon-like depressions, filled in up to a height of 10,000 to 15,000 m, were formed concomitantly within the orogen. This geodynamic development cannot reasonably be explained by a simple model of subduction.